LIVING WITH THE EARTH
MUTLIPLE CHOICE
1. A group of organisms that can breed together with the production of a viable and fertile offspring is considered to be a ________
2. Birth rate is normally expressed as the number of live births per 1000 population, _____
3. Which of the following countries has a stable population (neither rapidly declining or expanding)?
4. The replacement TFR level is _________.
5. The biotic potential of species is influenced by the following factors except _________.
6. The environmental resistance refers to those pressures that limit population and may include the following factors except ____________.
7. What type of growth curve is characterized by oscillations for a species dependent on the other as a source of food?
8. Which of following organisms has an r-strategy population?
9. The rate of natural increase is determined by ___________
10. The demographic transition is incomplete in less developed countries (LDCs), because _____________.
11. Urban centers have the following problems except ____________.
12. Which of following contraceptive methods may be irreversible?
13. The typical bacterial growth growth curve includes four phases except __________.
14. Which of the following countries has the concerns about population decline?
15. Which of the following methods to control population appears most successful?
16. The population policy in Peru for rural populations has often included ______:
17. The world's population in 2000 will be about ______ billion.
18. The world's annual growth rate in 2000 will be _______ percent.
19. A rate of 4.0% annual increase will double the population for a country in ____ years.
20. Which area of world today is experiencing the shortest doubling time?
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TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS
1. Those countries with more stable populations such as the United States have an age distribution where there are fewer infants and children than young adults.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-5)
2. A species is considered to be the breeding group for an organism.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-3)
3. Birth rate is normally expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 population (counting the population at the endpoint of the year).
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-3)
4. The replacement level is defined as a TFR that corresponds to a population exactly replacing itself.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-7)
5. The unrestricted growth of a population is sometimes referred to as its biotic potential.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-7)
6. The sum of the limiting factors serve to control the numbers of a species that can survive in defined area over time and this represents the carrying capacity of that area for a particular species.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-9)
7. If an organism grows too rapidly and the population escalates beyond the carrying capacity of the environment in which it is located, a "S" type growth curve may develop.
True ______ False ______ (False.-pg. 2-10)
8 The r-strategy populations are typically small, short-lived organisms, which produce large numbers of offspring and receive little or no parental care.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-12)
9. The k-strategy populations are limited by density-independent factors.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg: 2-11)
10 The unrestricted growth of populations resulting in the maximum number of organism for a particular population is called its biotic potential.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-7)
11 Humans have the k-strategy as reproductive strategy.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-11)
12. A megacity is defined as having a population of more than 1 million.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-31)
13 The urban centers have less violence than the rural area.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-32)
14. Education and employment are tools to make women more powerful and stabilize human population.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-34)
15. China was the first country to introduce family planning.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-34)
16. The one child policy is enforced in China.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-35)
17. The government directed programs that set a policy for establishing an optimum population size are referred to as family planning.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-36)
18. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are used as a permanent contraceptive method.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-41)
19. The population has grown so much that even the smaller growth rates lead to additions of larger numbers of people to the global population. This is referred to the momentum.
True ______ False ______ (True-pg. 2-18)
20. A species is considered to be the breeding group for an organism.
True ______ False ______ (False-pg. 2-3)
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What are birth rate and death rate? How to calculate rate of natural increase from birth rate and death rate?
Birth rate refers to the number of individuals added to a population through reproduction (live births) and is normally expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 population (counting the population at the midpoint of the year). Death rate is also similarly calculated using total deaths divided by the mid-year total population. The rate of natural increase is determined by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate. (Answer: P: 2-3, 4) .
2. What is biotic potential? What factors influence the biotic potential of species?
The unrestricted growth of populations resulting in the maximum growth rate for a particular population is called its biotic potential. It is influenced by the frequency of reproduction, the total number of times the organism reproduces, the number of offspring from each reproductive cycle and the age at which reproduction starts. (Answer: P: 2-7) .
3. Describe the characteristics of r-strategy populations. What are the limiting factors for this kind of population?
The r-strategy populations are typically small, short-lived organisms, which produce large numbers of offspring and receive little or no parental care. These organisms are limited by density-independent factors such as a drought that dries up a pond, or sudden climactic changes such as EL nino which alters the temperature of the water making it uninhabitable for certain species. (Answer: P: 2-12) .
4. What are demographic transition and incomplete demographic transition?
Developed countries have exhibited slowly declining birth and death rates over the last century. This has resulted in a diminishing difference between birth rates and death rates and a very low rate of natural increase resulting in a stable population with very long doubling times. This is called demographic transition. Less developed countries (LDCs) do not have the resources to institute social security, and have unstable policies that fail to capture the trust of its citizens. The populations had remained stable with high birth rates and high death rates. Developed countries introduced better sanitation and nutrition to LDCs, resulting in a decrease of the death rate. This is called incomplete demographic transition. (Answer: P: 2-19) .
5. What is urbanization and what are some of problems associated with it?
The mass migration of people to the cities is known as urbanization. Urbanization often facilitates the spread of disease, increases the potential of violence and accelerates environmental degradation. (Answer: P: 2-31, 32, 33) .